1月15日，三家互联网公司在同一天发布了它们各自的社交软件，剑指已经突破10亿月活跃用户的微信。而微信迅速用行动给出了“回应”。马桶MT在1月14日即被微信封杀，“多闪”邀请链接也在下午发布的同时被微信屏蔽，子弹短信的分享二维码也已被封杀。
|来源：《小康》?中国小康网
|作者：齐鲁
1月15日，三家互联网公司在同一天发布了它们各自的社交软件，剑指已经突破10亿月活跃用户的微信。 就连发布会时间也岔开了。当天上午，由原快播创始人王欣带队的匿名社交软件“马桶MT”发布。下午，由抖音衍生而来的视频社交软件“多闪”发布。晚上，锤子科技创始人罗永浩带队的、由原“子弹短信”升级而来的“聊天宝”发布。
三款社交APP同一天发布，剑指微信
而被三大新品“围攻”的微信，迅速用行动给出了“回应”。马桶MT在1月14日即被微信封杀，“多闪”邀请链接也在下午发布的同时被微信屏蔽，子弹短信的分享二维码也已被封杀。
“不知道你怕什么？”1月14日，马桶MT上线前夕，快播创始人王欣在社交媒体上晒出了“已停止访问该网页”的微信页面截图，故作不解。
很简单，想通过微信导入用户，现在还不行。
对于这三款社交APP，“耿直boy”王思聪也出来泼了一盆冷水：“3个产品都是垃圾，没有机会。随后又评论称：“还不如做个ins图片+打赏的社交APP，匿名社交都是炒冷饭了。”
王思聪微博截图
用户体验如何？
三款社交APP发布后，网友讨论激烈。
“听名字就不行，难道以后我要说‘我们马桶上聊’‘把你的马桶给我’？”有网友吐槽说。
还有网友这样评论：“马桶被封的漂亮，号称人脉暗网，主打熟人匿名社交，这其实就是在放大人性的恶，不封等着过年么？”
15日，马桶MT在微信上被“封杀”，在一些第三方应用平台上被下架。
“多闪挺不错的，下载体验了，跟一个网友聊的蛮舒服的，最后下线我们互相留了微信号。”
“聊天宝，这个名字感觉像回到了80年代。”
网友对三款APP的微博讨论截图
会撼动微信吗？
众所周知，腾讯靠社交起家，社交对腾讯来说是绝对的腹地。此次三家APP进军社交领域，既有陌生人社交也有熟人社交，来势汹汹。
尤其是多闪，其产品负责人徐璐冉介绍多闪时完全拿微信对标，“翻开微信，最近的状态都是工作”、“在微信上记录生活束手束脚，因为有着复杂且庞大的社交网络”、“多是点赞之交”、“最亲密的人的状态被稀释”等等。
目前微信用户数已经突破10亿；朋友圈日活跃用户约7.5亿人，每天有近100亿人次的访问量。从全球来看，用户数这个级别的互联网企业都不多。
这么密集的攻击，微信能扛得住吗？这三款APP会对微信或者腾讯产生影响吗？
DCCI互联网研究院院长刘兴亮接受采访时称，看上去很难，因为同类产品不太可能打败微信，微信未来肯定是被完全不同于微信的东西打败，比如像移动支付干掉实体钱包这样。
“不过也不是完全没有机会，因为目前网络社交并没有被完全满足，用户的社交需求也千奇百怪，尤其是陌生人社交，还是有一些小机会的。”刘兴亮说。
拓展：匿名社交背后的心理学
摄影 / meisu
从心理学角度来看，匿名社交软件有其必要。人有天然的归属的需要，这是人类最基本和广泛的社会动机。据统计，44%的人每天花费在社交网络的时间超过了1小时，对许多人而言，社交网络已经成为了他们整个网络体验的中心。我们对自我的概念很大程度上是同他人的互动塑造的，渴求点赞和转发，在一定程度上就是对“自我”的确认。
与他人进行有意义的交往是社会生活的前提，在社交中，人们会尽量寻求并维持“酬赏大于付出”的人际关系，如果个人被群体踢出局，我们只得依靠自身的资源维持生活，这种情况实在是又寂寞又恐慌。相较于陌生人之间的松散联系，熟人间的社交来的更亲密、更能实现酬赏的最大化。在熟人社交之中，这种自我证实能减少焦虑感。
曾有社会学家将人际关系区分为首属群体和次属群体，首属群体不正式、关系紧密且持久，自我完全融入其中，家庭和朋友圈是典型的首属群体；次属群体则相反，它更正式和工具性，目的是达到目标。部门、公司、生意合作伙伴属于次属群体，在这个群体中，人更多地是地位和机器上的部件，人们不会把过多的自我投入到这种公共关系里。
人们倾向于喜欢在价值观、兴趣、背景方面与自己相似的人，偏好与强化自我观念的群体来往，寻找相似性就成了自我确认的重要因素。自我展露无疑是最常用的方法，我们将自身的信息告知他人，与他人共享内心的感受和信息，如果移植在社交网络上，就是诸多匿名社交行为的心理根源。
《小康》原创文章，转载请注明出处。
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GLFW【】调用了opengl来做图形的显示。
我最近需要用opengl来显示图像，不能使用opencv等库。
看了一个glfw的官网，里面有github:
就去把代码下载下来，并且很容易编译完成了，并运行了源码中提供的tests和examples，感觉学到很多。
下面是example中的例子：
另外还有tests中的例子:
这是一个查看函数对内存使用情况的例子，这里显示了glfwInit,glfwCreateWindow等函数运行，内存分配和内存收回的情况。
它的代码为：
#define GLAD_GL_IMPLEMENTATION#include <glad/gl.h>#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <assert.h>#define CALL(x) (function_name = #x, x)static const char* function_name = NULL;struct allocator_stats{ size_t total; size_t current; size_t maximum;};static void error_callback(int error, const char* description){ fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", description);}static void* allocate(size_t size, void* user){ struct allocator_stats* stats = user; assert(size > 0); stats->total += size; stats->current += size; if (stats->current > stats->maximum) stats->maximum = stats->current; printf("%s: allocate %zu bytes (current %zu maximum %zu total %zu)\n", function_name, size, stats->current, stats->maximum, stats->total); size_t* real_block = malloc(size + sizeof(size_t)); assert(real_block != NULL); *real_block = size; return real_block + 1;}static void deallocate(void* block, void* user){ struct allocator_stats* stats = user; assert(block != NULL); size_t* real_block = (size_t*) block - 1; stats->current -= *real_block; printf("%s: deallocate %zu bytes (current %zu maximum %zu total %zu)\n", function_name, *real_block, stats->current, stats->maximum, stats->total); free(real_block);}static void* reallocate(void* block, size_t size, void* user){ struct allocator_stats* stats = user; assert(block != NULL); assert(size > 0); size_t* real_block = (size_t*) block - 1; stats->total += size; stats->current += size - *real_block; if (stats->current > stats->maximum) stats->maximum = stats->current; printf("%s: reallocate %zu bytes to %zu bytes (current %zu maximum %zu total %zu)\n", function_name, *real_block, size, stats->current, stats->maximum, stats->total); real_block = realloc(real_block, size + sizeof(size_t)); assert(real_block != NULL); *real_block = size; return real_block + 1;}int main(void){ struct allocator_stats stats = {0}; const GLFWallocator allocator = { .allocate = allocate, .deallocate = deallocate, .reallocate = reallocate, .user = &stats }; glfwSetErrorCallback(error_callback); glfwInitAllocator(&allocator); if (!CALL(glfwInit)()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); GLFWwindow* window = CALL(glfwCreateWindow)(400, 400, "Custom allocator test", NULL, NULL); if (!window) { glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } CALL(glfwMakeContextCurrent)(window); gladLoadGL(glfwGetProcAddress); CALL(glfwSwapInterval)(1); while (!CALL(glfwWindowShouldClose)(window)) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); CALL(glfwSwapBuffers)(window); CALL(glfwWaitEvents)(); } CALL(glfwTerminate)(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}
这个代码中，稍微有点迷惑人的就是一个宏CALL(x)了，在11，12行
使用时：CALL(glfwInit)() 和 CALL(gffwCreateWindow)(400,...),如下图
按照宏定义展开：CALL(glfwInit)()展开为：function_name = "glfwInit",glfwInit()
CALL（glfwCreateWindow(400,...)) 展开为：function_name = "glfwCreateWindow",glfwCreateWindow(400,...)
这中间的逗号是很少见。我查了下，c语言中可以这样用，顺序运行的意思：
不过想想如果不用逗号用分号的好，应该会报错，因为分号意味着本行结束。预定义
#define CALL(x) (function_name = "x"; x)将会在分号处结束。
其他代码都比较正常点了。
本代码主要是为了查看函数的内存使用情况，程序员可以使用此函数检查有无内存泄漏的情况发生。
再看另一个例子：window.c
这个例子呢，我们通过这个window来设置窗口的显示属性。比如调整Opacity就能使窗口变透明：
改变窗口的大小后，窗口山显示的文字也会改变：
总代码量：
#define GLAD_GL_IMPLEMENTATION#include <glad/gl.h>#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <stdarg.h>#define NK_IMPLEMENTATION#define NK_INCLUDE_FIXED_TYPES#define NK_INCLUDE_FONT_BAKING#define NK_INCLUDE_DEFAULT_FONT#define NK_INCLUDE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR#define NK_INCLUDE_VERTEX_BUFFER_OUTPUT#define NK_INCLUDE_STANDARD_VARARGS#define NK_BUTTON_TRIGGER_ON_RELEASE#include <nuklear.h>#define NK_GLFW_GL2_IMPLEMENTATION#include <nuklear_glfw_gl2.h>#include <stdbool.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <limits.h>int main(int argc, char** argv){ int windowed_x, windowed_y, windowed_width, windowed_height; int last_xpos = INT_MIN, last_ypos = INT_MIN; int last_width = INT_MIN, last_height = INT_MIN; int limit_aspect_ratio = false, aspect_numer = 1, aspect_denom = 1; int limit_min_size = false, min_width = 400, min_height = 400; int limit_max_size = false, max_width = 400, max_height = 400; char width_buffer[12] = "", height_buffer[12] = ""; char xpos_buffer[12] = "", ypos_buffer[12] = ""; char numer_buffer[12] = "", denom_buffer[12] = ""; char min_width_buffer[12] = "", min_height_buffer[12] = ""; char max_width_buffer[12] = "", max_height_buffer[12] = ""; int may_close = true; if (!glfwInit()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SCALE_TO_MONITOR, GLFW_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_WIN32_KEYBOARD_MENU, GLFW_TRUE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 2); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 1); GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 600, "Window Features", NULL, NULL); if (!window) { glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); gladLoadGL(glfwGetProcAddress); glfwSwapInterval(0); bool position_supported = true; glfwGetError(NULL); glfwGetWindowPos(window, &last_xpos, &last_ypos); sprintf(xpos_buffer, "%i", last_xpos); sprintf(ypos_buffer, "%i", last_ypos); if (glfwGetError(NULL) == GLFW_FEATURE_UNAVAILABLE) position_supported = false; glfwGetWindowSize(window, &last_width, &last_height); sprintf(width_buffer, "%i", last_width); sprintf(height_buffer, "%i", last_height); sprintf(numer_buffer, "%i", aspect_numer); sprintf(denom_buffer, "%i", aspect_denom); sprintf(min_width_buffer, "%i", min_width); sprintf(min_height_buffer, "%i", min_height); sprintf(max_width_buffer, "%i", max_width); sprintf(max_height_buffer, "%i", max_height); struct nk_context* nk = nk_glfw3_init(window, NK_GLFW3_INSTALL_CALLBACKS); struct nk_font_atlas* atlas; nk_glfw3_font_stash_begin(&atlas); nk_glfw3_font_stash_end(); while (!(may_close && glfwWindowShouldClose(window))) { int width, height; glfwGetWindowSize(window, &width, &height); struct nk_rect area = nk_rect(0.f, 0.f, (float) width, (float) height); nk_window_set_bounds(nk, "main", area); nk_glfw3_new_frame(); if (nk_begin(nk, "main", area, 0)) { nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, 4); if (nk_button_label(nk, "Toggle Fullscreen")) { if (glfwGetWindowMonitor(window)) { glfwSetWindowMonitor(window, NULL, windowed_x, windowed_y, windowed_width, windowed_height, 0); } else { GLFWmonitor* monitor = glfwGetPrimaryMonitor(); const GLFWvidmode* mode = glfwGetVideoMode(monitor); glfwGetWindowPos(window, &windowed_x, &windowed_y); glfwGetWindowSize(window, &windowed_width, &windowed_height); glfwSetWindowMonitor(window, monitor, 0, 0, mode->width, mode->height, mode->refreshRate); } } if (nk_button_label(nk, "Maximize")) glfwMaximizeWindow(window); if (nk_button_label(nk, "Iconify")) glfwIconifyWindow(window); if (nk_button_label(nk, "Restore")) glfwRestoreWindow(window); nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, 1); if (glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_MOUSE_PASSTHROUGH)) { nk_label(nk, "Press H to disable mouse passthrough", NK_TEXT_CENTERED); if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_H)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_MOUSE_PASSTHROUGH, false); } nk_label(nk, "Press Enter in a text field to set value", NK_TEXT_CENTERED); nk_flags events; const nk_flags flags = NK_EDIT_FIELD | NK_EDIT_SIG_ENTER | NK_EDIT_GOTO_END_ON_ACTIVATE; if (position_supported) { int xpos, ypos; glfwGetWindowPos(window, &xpos, &ypos); nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, 3); nk_label(nk, "Position", NK_TEXT_LEFT); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, xpos_buffer, sizeof(xpos_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { xpos = atoi(xpos_buffer); glfwSetWindowPos(window, xpos, ypos); } else if (xpos != last_xpos || (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED)) sprintf(xpos_buffer, "%i", xpos); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, ypos_buffer, sizeof(ypos_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { ypos = atoi(ypos_buffer); glfwSetWindowPos(window, xpos, ypos); } else if (ypos != last_ypos || (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED)) sprintf(ypos_buffer, "%i", ypos); last_xpos = xpos; last_ypos = ypos; } else nk_label(nk, "Position not supported", NK_TEXT_LEFT); nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, 3); nk_label(nk, "Size", NK_TEXT_LEFT); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, width_buffer, sizeof(width_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { width = atoi(width_buffer); glfwSetWindowSize(window, width, height); } else if (width != last_width || (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED)) sprintf(width_buffer, "%i", width); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, height_buffer, sizeof(height_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { height = atoi(height_buffer); glfwSetWindowSize(window, width, height); } else if (height != last_height || (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED)) sprintf(height_buffer, "%i", height); last_width = width; last_height = height; bool update_ratio_limit = false; if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Aspect Ratio", &limit_aspect_ratio)) update_ratio_limit = true; events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, numer_buffer, sizeof(numer_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { aspect_numer = abs(atoi(numer_buffer)); update_ratio_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(numer_buffer, "%i", aspect_numer); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, denom_buffer, sizeof(denom_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { aspect_denom = abs(atoi(denom_buffer)); update_ratio_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(denom_buffer, "%i", aspect_denom); if (update_ratio_limit) { if (limit_aspect_ratio) glfwSetWindowAspectRatio(window, aspect_numer, aspect_denom); else glfwSetWindowAspectRatio(window, GLFW_DONT_CARE, GLFW_DONT_CARE); } bool update_size_limit = false; if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Minimum Size", &limit_min_size)) update_size_limit = true; events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, min_width_buffer, sizeof(min_width_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { min_width = abs(atoi(min_width_buffer)); update_size_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(min_width_buffer, "%i", min_width); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, min_height_buffer, sizeof(min_height_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { min_height = abs(atoi(min_height_buffer)); update_size_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(min_height_buffer, "%i", min_height); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Maximum Size", &limit_max_size)) update_size_limit = true; events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, max_width_buffer, sizeof(max_width_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { max_width = abs(atoi(max_width_buffer)); update_size_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(max_width_buffer, "%i", max_width); events = nk_edit_string_zero_terminated(nk, flags, max_height_buffer, sizeof(max_height_buffer), nk_filter_decimal); if (events & NK_EDIT_COMMITED) { max_height = abs(atoi(max_height_buffer)); update_size_limit = true; } else if (events & NK_EDIT_DEACTIVATED) sprintf(max_height_buffer, "%i", max_height); if (update_size_limit) { glfwSetWindowSizeLimits(window, limit_min_size ? min_width : GLFW_DONT_CARE, limit_min_size ? min_height : GLFW_DONT_CARE, limit_max_size ? max_width : GLFW_DONT_CARE, limit_max_size ? max_height : GLFW_DONT_CARE); } int fb_width, fb_height; glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &fb_width, &fb_height); nk_label(nk, "Framebuffer Size", NK_TEXT_LEFT); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", fb_width); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", fb_height); float xscale, yscale; glfwGetWindowContentScale(window, &xscale, &yscale); nk_label(nk, "Content Scale", NK_TEXT_LEFT); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%f", xscale); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%f", yscale); nk_layout_row_begin(nk, NK_DYNAMIC, 30, 5); int frame_left, frame_top, frame_right, frame_bottom; glfwGetWindowFrameSize(window, &frame_left, &frame_top, &frame_right, &frame_bottom); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 3.f); nk_label(nk, "Frame Size:", NK_TEXT_LEFT); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 6.f); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", frame_left); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 6.f); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", frame_top); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 6.f); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", frame_right); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 6.f); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "%i", frame_bottom); nk_layout_row_end(nk); nk_layout_row_begin(nk, NK_DYNAMIC, 30, 2); float opacity = glfwGetWindowOpacity(window); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 3.f); nk_labelf(nk, NK_TEXT_LEFT, "Opacity: %0.3f", opacity); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 2.f / 3.f); if (nk_slider_float(nk, 0.f, &opacity, 1.f, 0.001f)) glfwSetWindowOpacity(window, opacity); nk_layout_row_end(nk); nk_layout_row_begin(nk, NK_DYNAMIC, 30, 2); int should_close = glfwWindowShouldClose(window); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 1.f / 3.f); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Should Close", &should_close)) glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, should_close); nk_layout_row_push(nk, 2.f / 3.f); nk_checkbox_label(nk, "May Close", &may_close); nk_layout_row_end(nk); nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, 1); nk_label(nk, "Attributes", NK_TEXT_CENTERED); nk_layout_row_dynamic(nk, 30, width > 200 ? width / 200 : 1); int decorated = glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_DECORATED); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Decorated", &decorated)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_DECORATED, decorated); int resizable = glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_RESIZABLE); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Resizable", &resizable)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_RESIZABLE, resizable); int floating = glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_FLOATING); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Floating", &floating)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_FLOATING, floating); int passthrough = glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_MOUSE_PASSTHROUGH); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Mouse Passthrough", &passthrough)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_MOUSE_PASSTHROUGH, passthrough); int auto_iconify = glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_AUTO_ICONIFY); if (nk_checkbox_label(nk, "Auto Iconify", &auto_iconify)) glfwSetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_AUTO_ICONIFY, auto_iconify); nk_value_bool(nk, "Focused", glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_FOCUSED)); nk_value_bool(nk, "Hovered", glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_HOVERED)); nk_value_bool(nk, "Visible", glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_VISIBLE)); nk_value_bool(nk, "Iconified", glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_ICONIFIED)); nk_value_bool(nk, "Maximized", glfwGetWindowAttrib(window, GLFW_MAXIMIZED)); } nk_end(nk); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); nk_glfw3_render(NK_ANTI_ALIASING_ON); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwWaitEvents(); } nk_glfw3_shutdown(); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}
不到400行。使用glfw来创建窗口时，窗口的各种属性的获取和设置应该都在这个例子中了。
直接再去看一个绘图的代码,绘制了一个如下的图片：
其对应代码为 window.c：
#define GLAD_GL_IMPLEMENTATION#include <glad/gl.h>#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(int argc, char** argv){ int xpos, ypos, height; const char* description; GLFWwindow* windows[4]; if (!glfwInit()) { glfwGetError(&description); printf("Error: %s\n", description); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwWindowHint(GLFW_VISIBLE, GLFW_FALSE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_DECORATED, GLFW_FALSE); glfwGetMonitorWorkarea(glfwGetPrimaryMonitor(), &xpos, &ypos, NULL, &height); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { const int size = height / 5; const struct { float r, g, b; } colors[] = { { 0.95f, 0.32f, 0.11f }, { 0.50f, 0.80f, 0.16f }, { 0.f, 0.68f, 0.94f }, { 0.98f, 0.74f, 0.04f } }; if (i > 0) glfwWindowHint(GLFW_FOCUS_ON_SHOW, GLFW_FALSE); windows[i] = glfwCreateWindow(size, size, "Multi-Window Example", NULL, NULL); if (!windows[i]) { glfwGetError(&description); printf("Error: %s\n", description); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwSetWindowPos(windows[i], xpos + size * (1 + (i & 1)), ypos + size * (1 + (i >> 1))); glfwSetInputMode(windows[i], GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GLFW_TRUE); glfwMakeContextCurrent(windows[i]); gladLoadGL(glfwGetProcAddress); glClearColor(colors[i].r, colors[i].g, colors[i].b, 1.f); } for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) glfwShowWindow(windows[i]); for (;;) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { glfwMakeContextCurrent(windows[i]); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glfwSwapBuffers(windows[i]); if (glfwWindowShouldClose(windows[i]) || glfwGetKey(windows[i], GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE)) { glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } } glfwWaitEvents(); }}
84行，也就是说，按照这种方式，绘制为窗口，我就可以在窗口里，绘制我自己的图片了。
那就再看一个绘制图片的例子：
其对应代码为：
//! [code]#define GLAD_GL_IMPLEMENTATION#include <glad/gl.h>#define GLFW_INCLUDE_NONE#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>#include "linmath.h"#include <stdlib.h>#include <stddef.h>#include <stdio.h>typedef struct Vertex{ vec2 pos; vec3 col;} Vertex;static const Vertex vertices[3] ={ { { -0.6f, -0.4f }, { 1.f, 0.f, 0.f } }, { { 0.6f, -0.4f }, { 0.f, 1.f, 0.f } }, { { 0.f, 0.6f }, { 0.f, 0.f, 1.f } }};static const char* vertex_shader_text ="#version 330\n""uniform mat4 MVP;\n""in vec3 vCol;\n""in vec2 vPos;\n""out vec3 color;\n""void main()\n""{\n"" gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vPos, 0.0, 1.0);\n"" color = vCol;\n""}\n";static const char* fragment_shader_text ="#version 330\n""in vec3 color;\n""out vec4 fragment;\n""void main()\n""{\n"" fragment = vec4(color, 1.0);\n""}\n";static void error_callback(int error, const char* description){ fprintf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", description);}static void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods){ if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS) glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GLFW_TRUE);}int main(void){ glfwSetErrorCallback(error_callback); if (!glfwInit()) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "OpenGL Triangle", NULL, NULL); if (!window) { glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback); glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); gladLoadGL(glfwGetProcAddress); glfwSwapInterval(1); // NOTE: OpenGL error checks have been omitted for brevity GLuint vertex_buffer; glGenBuffers(1, &vertex_buffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertex_buffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); const GLuint vertex_shader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); glShaderSource(vertex_shader, 1, &vertex_shader_text, NULL); glCompileShader(vertex_shader); const GLuint fragment_shader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); glShaderSource(fragment_shader, 1, &fragment_shader_text, NULL); glCompileShader(fragment_shader); const GLuint program = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader(program, vertex_shader); glAttachShader(program, fragment_shader); glLinkProgram(program); const GLint mvp_location = glGetUniformLocation(program, "MVP"); const GLint vpos_location = glGetAttribLocation(program, "vPos"); const GLint vcol_location = glGetAttribLocation(program, "vCol"); GLuint vertex_array; glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertex_array); glBindVertexArray(vertex_array); glEnableVertexAttribArray(vpos_location); glVertexAttribPointer(vpos_location, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (void*) offsetof(Vertex, pos)); glEnableVertexAttribArray(vcol_location); glVertexAttribPointer(vcol_location, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (void*) offsetof(Vertex, col)); while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { int width, height; glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height); const float ratio = width / (float) height; glViewport(0, 0, width, height); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); mat4x4 m, p, mvp; mat4x4_identity(m); mat4x4_rotate_Z(m, m, (float) glfwGetTime()); mat4x4_ortho(p, -ratio, ratio, -1.f, 1.f, 1.f, -1.f); mat4x4_mul(mvp, p, m); glUseProgram(program); glUniformMatrix4fv(mvp_location, 1, GL_FALSE, (const GLfloat*) &mvp); glBindVertexArray(vertex_array); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glfwSwapBuffers(window); glfwPollEvents(); } glfwDestroyWindow(window); glfwTerminate(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);}//! [code]
这个代码中，有一句是控制三角形旋转的：
mat4x4_rotate_Z,将这一句注释掉，三角形就不旋转了, 就可以专心该其他地方，来绘制我们的图片了。
或者改成mat4x4_ratate_X,让三角形绕X轴旋转,如下图：
现在把程序改成绘制为4边形。
但是由于如图：
所以，我们需要给到4边形的4个顶点，然后顺序绘制三角形，使用GL_TRAINAGLE_STRIP（这好像有点让计算机重复劳动，但是我们少写一些代码的意思）
将顶点坐标由：
改为：
glDrawArrays函数也要做一些改变，如上图，显示效果如下：
编译并运行
成功显示了一个像素。我们现在尝试显示4个正方形，一个正方形代表一个像素。
分析一下坐标：
分析坐标可以发现，我们可以用扇形GL_TRIANGLE_FAN来绘制.
那么顶点改为：
绘制函数draw也需要改为：
相当于绘制了4个像素，但是，这4个像素的颜色有点不正常，是渐变的，我们需要每个像素单独显示一个颜色。
我们的每个像素需要用两个三角形来组成，并且这两个三角形顶点的要色要统一。
这也就意味着，我们需要单独绘制三角形。不能用GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,和GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP了，只能老老实实的用GL_TRIANGLES来绘制三角形了。这样才能使三角形的三个顶点颜色一致，从而使三角形内部颜色不发生渐变。
下面是我改好代码，把三角形的顶点全部拆开写，每个像素需要两个三角形：
绘制方法改为GL_TRIANGLES
显示效果如下：
这里就成功了显示了一个2x2的图片。
后续显示一个28x28的图片，如下：
文章太长了，需要新开一篇写。